Tesla earnings call Q3 2023: Investor summary
๐ Key points:
- Factory Upgrades and Production: Tesla is focusing on improving and ramping up production at their factories. Although there have been downtimes for upgrades, they anticipate increased efficiency and output.
- Autopilot and AI Advancements: Tesla’s vehicles have accumulated over 0.5 billion miles with FSD beta. Significant investments in AI, including a new 10,000 GPU cluster, indicate a strong focus on enhancing vehicle autonomy.
- Energy Storage and Profitability: Tesla deployed 4 gigawatt hours of energy storage in Q3. The energy division is now Tesla’s highest margin business, contributing over $0.5 billion to quarterly profit.
- Cybertruck Challenges: The Cybertruck faces significant production and financial challenges. Despite high demand, reaching volume production and positive cash flow at an affordable price point is expected to be difficult.
- Financial Performance: Despite economic uncertainties and higher interest rates, Tesla reported record profitability in its energy business and is focused on maintaining positive cash flow.
- Future Plans and Concerns: Tesla continues to invest in AI and anticipates challenges related to the global economy and rising interest rates, which may affect car affordability and credit availability.
๐ค What does this mean for investors?
- Market Volatility: Given the current economic climate and Tesla’s focus on new technologies like the Cybertruck and AI, investors should be prepared for potential market volatility.
- Long-term Growth Potential: Despite short-term challenges, Tesla’s significant investments in AI and energy storage could offer substantial long-term growth opportunities.
- Diversification and Risk Management: Investors should consider diversifying their portfolio to manage risk, especially in light of Tesla’s ambitious, yet uncertain, future projects and the broader economic environment.
- Monitoring Progress: Keeping a close eye on Tesla’s progress in AI, the success of the Cybertruck, and the company’s ability to maintain profitability amidst global economic challenges will be crucial.
Tesla earnings call full transcript Q3 2023
Company Participants
- Martin Viecha – VP, IR
- Elon Musk – CEO
- Vaibhav Taneja – CFO
- Karn Budhiraj – VP, Supply Chain
- Lars Moravy – VP, Vehicle Engineering
Conference Call Participants
- Will Stein – Truist
- Pierre Ferragu – New Street Research
- Rod Lache – Wolfe Research
- George Gianarikas – Canaccord
- Colin Langan – Wells Fargo
Elon Musk
[Call Starts Abruptly]โฆof new factories and we believe thereโs still meaningful room for improvement there.
Regarding Autopilot and AI, our vehicles are now driven over 0.5 billion miles with FSD beta, full self-driving beta, and that number is growing rapidly. We recently completed a 10,000 GPU cluster of H100s. We think probably bring it into operation faster than anyoneโs ever brought that much compute per unit time into production, since training is the fundamental limiting factor on progress with full self-driving and vehicle autonomy.
Weโre also seeing significant promise with FSD version 12. This is the end-to-end AI where itโs photon count in, controls out. Really you can think of it as thereโs just a large bitstream coming in and a tiny bitstream going out, compressing reality into a very small set of outputs, which is actually kind of how humans work. The vast majority of human data input is optics from our eyes. And so, we are like the car, photons in, controls out with neural nets, just neural nets in the middle. So, interesting to think about that.
Weโll continue to invest significantly in AI development, as this is really the mass game changer. And I mean success in this regard in the long-term I think has the potential to make Tesla the most valuable company in the world by far. If you have fully autonomous cars at scale and fully autonomous humanoid robots that are truly useful, itโs not clear what the limit is.
Regarding energy storage, we deployed 4 gigawatt hours of energy of storage products in Q3. And as this business grows, the energy division is becoming our highest margin business. Energy and service now contribute over $0.5 billion to quarterly profit.
The Cybertruck, I know a lot of people are excited about the Cybertruck. I am too. Iโve driven the car. Itโs an amazing product. I do want to emphasize that there will be enormous challenges in reaching volume production with the Cybertruck, and then in making a Cybertruck cash flow positive. This is simply normal for when youโve got a product with a lot of new technology or any new vehicle, brand new vehicle program, but especially one that is as different and advanced as the Cybertruck, you will have problems proportionate to how many new things youโre trying to solve at scale. So, I just want to emphasize that while I think this is potentially our best product ever and I think it is our best product ever, it is going to be — require immense work to reach volume production and be cash flow positive at a price that people can afford.
Often people do not understand what is truly hard. Thatโs why I say prototypes are easy, production is hard. People think itโs the idea, or you make a prototype, you design a car. And as soon as theyโre designing a car, itโs just anyone can do it, it does require taste, it does require effort to design a prototype. But itโs difficult to going from a prototype to volume production, itโs like 10,000% harder to get to volume production than to make a prototype in the first place, and then it is even harder than that to reach positive cash flow. That is why there have not been new car startups that have been successful for a 100 years apart from Tesla.
So, I just want to temper expectations for Cybertruck. Itโs a great product, but financially it will take, I donโt know, a year to 18 months before it is a significant positive cash flow contributor. I wish there was some way for that to be different, but thatโs my best guess. The demand is off the charts. We have over 1 million people whoโve reserved the car. So itโs not a demand issue, but we have to make it and we need to make it at a price that people can afford, insanely difficult things.
In conclusion, we continue to focus on ramping production while maintaining positive cash flow and we continue to target — expect to have around 1.8 million vehicle deliveries, as stated earlier this year. The Tesla AI team is I think one of the worldโs best, and I think it is actually by far the worldโs best when it comes to real world AI. Iโll say that again, Tesla has the best real world AI team on earth, period, and itโs getting better.
And lastly, I wanted to thank all of our employees who are making a lot of extra effort during uncertain times. Thank you very much for your hard work and the impact that youโre making.
Martin Viecha
Thank you very much, Elon. And our CFO, Vaibhav, has some opening remarks as well.
Vaibhav Taneja
Thanks, Martin. Vehicle deliveries in Q3 outpaced production, and we had yet another record quarter of profitability in our energy business. Congratulations to the Tesla team for the continued focus on operational excellence as we navigate through a period of economic uncertainty, higher interest rates, and shifting consumer sentiment.
As Elon mentioned, our Q3 operational and financial performance was impacted by planned downtimes for our factory upgrades. This was necessary to allow for further factory improvements and production rate increases. Despite such factory shutdowns, our cost per vehicle decreased to approximately $37,500. We saw sequential decreases in material cost and freight. Reducing the cost of our vehicles is our top priority.
On the operating expenses front, R&D expenses continued to rise due to Cybertruck prototype builds and pilot production testing combined with spend on AI technologies like full self-driving, Optimus and Dojo. We have and will continue to make investments in these areas, and hence our capital expenditure and R&D will continue to grow in the near term. However, our focus is to continue making investments through positive cash flow from operations. This year itself, we have generated operating cash flows of approximately [$8.9 billion] (ph) and free cash flows of approximately $2.3 billion.
Our other businesses are becoming more prominent on a standalone basis with energy business leading the charge, primarily from the growth in Megapack deployments. Our services and other businesses on a year-on-year basis also continue to show positive momentum as we benefit from our growing fleet.
As regards our pricing strategy, in addition to what we have shared before, I want to elaborate that most car buying happens with one or other form of financing, and hence we also view pricing in terms of monthly costs for the customer. And therefore, as interest costs in the U.S. have risen substantially, it has required us to adjust the price of our vehicles to keep the monthly cost in parity. Weโve tried to offset such adjustments via focus on reducing costs. However, there is an inherent lag in cost reductions, which in turn impacts margins. To that extent, we recently announced a partner vehicle leasing program in the U.S. whereby you can get a standard Model Y for as low as $399 a month.
In conclusion, as we navigate through a challenging economic environment, weโre focused on reducing costs, maximizing delivery volumes, and continuing making investments in the future, in particular, AI and other next generation platform. We believe this strategy positions us well for the long term.
Once again, I would like to thank the Tesla team for their efforts in the last quarter.
Question-and-Answer Session
A – Martin Viecha
Thank you very much. And now letโs go to investor questions. The first investor question comes from Craig. How many Cybertruck deliveries do you anticipate for 2024?
Elon Musk
Itโs difficult to make an accurate guess at this point. Going back to what I said earlier that the ramp is going to be extremely difficult. And like I said, thereโs no way around that. If you try to make — if we just try to do some copycat vehicle design, of which there are literally 200 models that are slight variations on a theme in the combustion engine world, distinctions without a difference, then itโs really not that hard. But if you want to do something radical and innovative and something really special, like the Cybertruck, it is extremely difficult because thereโs nothing to copy. You have to invent not just the car, but the way to make the car. So, the more uncharted the territory, the less predictable the outcome.
Now, I can say that — if you say, well, where will things end up? I think weโll end up with roughly a 0.25 million Cybertrucks a year, I donโt think weโre going to reach that output rate next year. I think weโll probably reach it sometime in 2025. Thatโs my best guess.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. The second question is, can you provide a progress update on the 4680 cell, particularly progress towards performance improvements and cost savings outlined on Battery Day? Thank you.
Unidentified Company Representative
Sure thing, Martin. 4680 cell production in Texas increased 40% quarter-over-quarter. Congrats to the Texas team for producing their 20 million cell off of line one. Texas is now our primary 4680 facility. Weโre heavily focused on quality. Scrap is down 40% quarter-over-quarter. With the increased volume and yield improvements, cell costs consistently improved month-over-month within the quarter, although we have a lot more work to do to achieve our steady state goals. And that is our priority.
The Cybertruck cell with 10% higher energy than our Model Y cell started production on line two in Texas. This quarter we convert to building a 100% Cybertruck cells to simplify and focus the factory as we ramp all four lines in Phase 1 over the next three quarters. Phase 2 of the Texas 4680 facility is currently under construction. The additional four lines incorporate further capital efficiencies over Phase 1, and our target is for them to start producing in late 2024.
Lastly, in Kato, weโre retooling to enable large scale pallet runs of our next generation cell designs. Katoโs long-term goal is to be the launch pad for new cells, one generation ahead of our mass production facilities, enabling faster iteration and smoother ramp ups of new designs.
A โ Martin Viecha
Thank you. The next question from institutional investors. Could you please provide an update on capacity expansion plans for companyโs factories in Berlin and Austin, and the opening schedule of Gigafactory Mexico?
A โ Unidentified Company Representative
Berlin and Austin factories, the current priority is actually maximize the output from our existing lines, by laser focus on efficiency improvement. As always, maintaining a high quality and the reducing per unit cost will be as critical as growing the production volume. For Mexico, weโre working on infrastructure and factory design in parallel with the engineering and development of the new production that weโll be manufacturing there. Thatโs what I can share for now.
Elon Musk
In Mexico weโre laying the groundwork to begin construction and doing all the long lead items. But I think we want to just get a sense for what the global economy is like before we go full tilt on the Mexico factory. Iโm worried about the high interest rate environment that weโre in. I just canโt emphasize this enough that the vast majority of people buying a car is about the monthly payment. And as interest rates rise, the proportion of that monthly payment that is interest increases naturally.
So, if interest rates remain high or if they go even higher, itโs that much harder for people to buy the car, they simply cannot afford it. And we are tracking, I believe at this point for Model Y to be the best selling car on earth, but not just in revenue, but in unit volume. If you compare that to the other vehicles that are number two and number three and whatnot, they cost much less than our car. So, weโre just hitting law of large numbers situations here.
I know people want to us advertising, we are advertising. I think thereโs something to be gained on the advertising front. I donโt think itโs nothing. But informing people of a car that is great, but they cannot afford doesnโt really help. So that is really the thing that must be solved is to make the car affordable or the average person cannot buy it for any amount of money or they canโt afford it. So, this is big deal.
Martin Viecha
The next question is, when do you expect Model 3 Highland to be available in the U.S.? I just wanted to address that unfortunately we donโt answer product related questions and timings on earnings calls. So letโs go to the next one. Current sell side consensus assumes that Tesla will deliver 2.3 million vehicles in 2024, representing 28% growth versus 2023 guidance. Is this growth rate achievable without any mass market launches in 2024? And when does Tesla expect to return to its 50% long-term CAGR?
Vaibhav Taneja
When we look at 2024, there are a lot of moving pieces. I just talked about what is happening in the macroeconomic environment. So, weโre focused on growing our volumes in a very cost efficient manner and are carefully reviewing all our options, and weโll be able to provide a much more meaningful update at our next earnings call.
Elon Musk
Yes. I mean, at the risk of stating the obvious, it is not possible to have a compound growth rate of 50% forever, or you will exceed the mass of the known universe. I think we will grow very rapidly, much faster than any other car company on earth by far.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. Next question is do you have an approximate timeline in mind for the robotaxi driven or non-driven? What excites you most about how this project is progressing?
Elon Musk
Well, robotaxi is like necessarily non-driven. I guess, Iโm very excited about our progress with autonomy, the end-to-end, nothing but nets self-driving software is amazing. It drives me all around Austin with no interventions. So, itโs clearly the right move. So, itโs really pretty amazing. And obviously, that same software and approach will enable Optimus to do useful things and enable Optimus to learn how to do things simply by looking. So extremely exciting in the long term.
As I mentioned before, given that economic output is a number of people times productivity, if you no longer have a constraint on people, effectively, youโve got a humanoid robot that can do as much as youโd like, your economy is wisely infinite or infinite for all intents and purposes. So, I donโt think anyone is going to do it better than Tesla, not by a long shot. Boston Dynamics is impressive, but their robot lacks a brain or like the Wizard of Oz, whatever. Yes, lacks a brain. And then you also need to be able to design the humanoid robot in such a way that it can be mass manufactured. And then at some point, the robots will manufacture the robots.
Now obviously, we need to make sure that itโs a good place for humans in that future. We do not create some variance of the terminator outcome. So, weโre going to put a lot of effort into localized control of the humanoid robot. So basically, anyone will be able to shut it off locally, and you canโt change that, even if you put — like a software update, you canโt change that. It has to be hard-coded.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. The next question is, why was the price dropped on FSD if it is getting better and robotaxi is expected so soon?
Elon Musk
Well, we just wanted to make it more affordable as more people try it. Yes, I think, over time, the price of FSD will increase proportionate to its value. So we regard the current price as a kind of a temporary low.
Martin Viecha
The next question is again on FSD. Mercedes is accepting legal liability for when its Level 3 autonomous driving system drive pilot is active. Is Tesla planning to accept legal liability for FSD? And if so, when?
Elon Musk
Well, thereโs a lot of people that assume we have legal liability judging by the lawsuits. Weโre certainly not being let that off the hook on that front, whether weโd like to or wouldnโt like to do.
Unidentified Company Representative
I mean I think itโs important to remember for everyone that Mercedesโ system is limited to roads in Nevada and some certain cities in California, doesnโt work in the snow or the fog. It must have a lead car in plains, only 40 miles per hour. Our system is meant to be holistic and drive in any conditions, so we obviously have a much more capable approach. But with those kind of limitations, itโs really not very useful.
Elon Musk
No, I think some people understand the profundity of the Tesla AI system. Itโs very, very few. Itโs basically Baby AGI. It has to understand reality in order to drive, Baby AGI.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. The next question on Optimus. Will Optimus be working on Gigafactory lines next year? If so, how many would you guess will be deployed?
Elon Musk
I think at this point, we are not ready to discuss details of the Optimus program, but we will make — provide periodic updates online. So, as you can see, weโre — Optimus a year ago could barely walk and now it can do yoga. So, a few years from now, it can probably do ballet.
Martin Viecha
Sounds good. And the last question from investors is Neural net path planning represents a significant advance in capability and safety for FSD. What steps is Tesla taking to make this technology available outside the U.S.?
Elon Musk
Yes. Our approach has been to try to get it — like the more places weโre trying to make it work, the harder the problem is. So, the reason we donโt do it in all countries simultaneously is that it would take much longer to make it work anywhere at all. So, thatโs why itโs currently just North America. And also for most parts of the world, you have to get approval before deploying things, whereas in the U.S., you can deploy things at risk or at least you take liability for what youโre deploying. So, itโs — most countries require some sort of extensive approval program. So, we only want to go through that extensive approval program when we think itโs kind of ready for prime time in that country.
I apologize itโs not in those countries, but we keep plenty of ways to make it better. And it really needs to drive such that it exceeds the — even unsupervised, significantly exceeds the probability of entry of a human or significantly better, a lower probability of entry than a human by far. I think weโre tracking to that point very quickly. Obviously, in the past, Iโve been overly optimistic about this. The reason Iโve been overly optimistic is that the progress tends to sort of look like a log curve, which is that you have kind of rapid initial improvements that if you were to extrapolate that rapid fairly linear rate of improvement, you get to self-driving quite quickly, but then the rate of improvement curves over logarithmically as such to asymptote. Thatโs not happened several times. I would characterize our progress in real world AI as a series of stacked log curve. I think thatโs also true in other parts of AI, like LLMs and whatnot, a series of stacked log curves. Each log curve is higher than the last one. So if you keep stacking them, keep stacking logs, eventually get to FSD.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. Letโs now go to analyst questions. The first question comes from Will Stein from Truist.
Will Stein
We learned earlier on the call, it sounds like you donโt think the truck will ramp to significant volume until its third year of production. Should we have a similar anticipation for the ramp of the next-gen platform, or is there any reason that we should be maybe more optimistic or pessimistic about the ramp profile there?
Elon Musk
Yes. I mean, to be clear, itโs not really the third year of production. Itโs kind of like the 18th month of production is roughly my guess. So, itโs just that they happen — it will happen — is that the — it starts this year, spans next year and gets to 2025. So technically, there are three calendar years in there, but thereโs actually only 18 months, not three years. I would be very disappointed if it took us — and that would be shocking if it took us three years. But 18 months from initial deliveries to have — to reach volume and reach prosperity with an immense — I canโt tell you how much the blood, sweat and tears level required to achieve that is just staggering. I have been through it many times. Then, here we go again.
Will Stein
Similar path for the next-gen platform?
Unidentified Company Representative
I mean, thereโs like unique complexity to Cybertruck.
Elon Musk
Yes. I mean Cybertruck is — yes. I mean, we dug our own grave with Cybertruck. Nobody — generally, everybody digs a grave better than themselves. And so it is — Cybertruckโs one of those special products that comes along only once in a long while. And special products that come along once in a long while are just incredibly difficult to bring to market, to reach volume, to be prosperous. Itโs fundamental to the nature of the newness. So now the sort of high-volume, low-cost smaller vehicle is actually much more conventional.
Unidentified Company Representative
Yes. In terms of like the technologies weโre putting into it, we didnโt have to invent full hard stainless steel or have mega 9,000-ton castings or the largest hot stamping in the world or new [Technical Difficulty] are quite in the same way as the Cybertruck. I think it will be quite a fast ramp. As I was just saying, weโre doing everything possible to simplify that vehicle in order to achieve a units per minute level that is unheard of in the auto industry.
Unidentified Company Representative
I mean, the single location makes it easier to automate. It also makes it lower cost. Yes, thatโs intrinsically lower cost.
Elon Musk
Yes. Letโs be clear, it will be cool, but itโs utilitarian. Itโs not meant to be — fill you with magic. It can get you from A to B. It will be still beautiful. But itโs utility.
Unidentified Company Representative
Thatโs not 14 inches of [indiscernible] suspension.
Elon Musk
Yes. So I mean, the Cybertruck has a lot of bells and whistles.
Martin Viecha
All right. Thank you very much. Letโs go to Pierre Ferragu from New Street Research.
Pierre Ferragu
I have first like a follow-up question on FSD and pricing and adoption. So, I agree with you that as FSD improves, we should see its value increasing. But I guess, like the ultimate values of FSD, which is to be able to handle like a robotaxi is not going to necessarily interest everybody, and you have a bit of a degraded version that would be like a chauffeur service where the car drives by itself, but you still have to be in the car and around. And then there is like the hands-on — eyes-on version of the service. And I guess, there should be like much lower cost, lower feature kind of variance of the service that could have a very large penetration on your installed base and more expensive one that would remain at a lower penetration level. So, Iโm just wondering if youโre taking that — and last but not least, like the simplest version of FSD available and are going to work from a technical perspective, probably before like the ultimate robotaxi version can work if ever. And so Iโm wondering how you take that into account and how youโre thinking like the financial contribution of FSD over time and whether you could evolve your pricing along that kind of tiers to increase adoption.
Elon Musk
Yes. A fully autonomous vehicle, I think, Pierre, your — sort of the economics of autonomous vehicle are truly astounding in a positive way. When you look at passenger vehicles today, they only get about 10 to 12 hours of usage per week. Thatโs — if you drive 1.5-hour a day on average, thatโs roughly 10 hours a week out of 168 hours. And then thereโs also youโre going to have parking and insurance. You got to take care of the car. Itโs like thereโs a lot of overhead.
So I mean, yes, itโs like the economics of the system are just insanely positive given that the car — like all of the cars weโre making and have made for a while, we believe, are capable of full autonomy. So then if youโre able to say increase the utility of that car by a factor of 5, which only means that youโre — itโs being used for maybe 50 hours a week out of 168, so you still notice — youโre still assuming — that still assumes less than 1/3 of the hours of the week is doing something useful. Youโve increased the value of that by 5, but it still costs the same, like you have something — then weโre a hardware company with software margins.
Martin Viecha
Pierre, do you have a follow-up?
Pierre Ferragu
Yes, I have actually a follow-up on different topic for you that I have if thatโs okay. Itโs about like your gross margin in the quarter. Could you give us a sense of like in how the gross margin evolved sequentially, how much was the impact of idle cost? How much was like the sequential benefit, I imagine, of production ramping at Berlin and Austin? And then I saw like this massive jump in energy storage, very strong positive surprise. So, if you can give us the background on that and tell us how we should think about that gross margin going forward.
Vaibhav Taneja
Thanks for the question. So, in terms of — you have few different aspects of your question. So if I just look at from Q3 perspective, obviously, factory idle time had an impact. It did impact by — and I wonโt give you the exact percentage, but it had a decent impact for the quarter. And when you look at the other pieces, which we are trying to do, we did see certain of our other factories ramping up pretty well, right? And they actually contributed pretty well to the margin for this quarter. In fact, one of the factories came pretty close to in terms of per unit cost to where we are for our other established factory, which is Fremont. So that was a positive in the quarter.
When it comes to energy margins, Megapack deployment was the key driver there. And that product has done well. I mean, on the cost curve also, weโve been able to do a lot there. But I do want to caution that Megapack deployments are a bit lumpy. So yes, we had a great quarter this period. But depending upon where we are trying to deploy that product in different markets, you would see periods where there would be downward pressure on deployment because of us trying to get the product to that base wayโฆ
Unidentified Company Representative
Yes, product in transit. Yes.
Vaibhav Taneja
Yes.
Martin Viecha
Okay. Thank you very much. Letโs go to Rod Lache from Wolfe Research.
Rod Lache
Really nice to see the rate of vehicle cost improvement despite the downtime that you took. Youโve taken now about $2,000 out of the average vehicle costs over the past year. Can you give us maybe a sense of the rate of improvement that you see from the changes that you alluded to, the factory changes you alluded to? Is there a way maybe to convey the speed of improvement on your existing product from here? And then related to that, can you share the timing of your next-gen — the lower-priced product that you talked about earlier this year?
Vaibhav Taneja
Yes. So just in terms of product margins, there are lots of puts and takes when you look at this. There are certain things which we control, and there are certain things which we donโt control. We get — we expect that weโll get some benefits from our cost reduction efforts, which are all underway. So on the other hand, we just finished our factory upgrades late in Q3. Some of these factories are still in the early ramp phase in Q4. Weโre still not up to where we want those factories to be. So, they will impact in the near term.
Plus, like Elon mentioned, weโre going to be ramping Cybertruck, which is going to be another headwind, which we will be dealing with. On top of all that, thereโs overall uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, which even makes it harder to predict precisely as to where we land. But yes, this is something which — itโs an evolving thing which weโre observing every day and reacting to it on a daily basis.
Unidentified Company Representative
I would just say that on the cost reduction efforts, like we are not — we are unflagging in our pursuit of additional cost downs for 2024. We do have a good pipeline of them and work on both the engineering side and the factory operations side. And our intention is to like maintain or exceed the trend that you saw, trying as hard as we possibly can.
Rod Lache
The timing of the next-gen product, can you share that?
Elon Musk
Not at this time.
Rod Lache
Okay. And just as a follow-up, obviously, price is also a driver of demand, but thatโs obviously not happening in a vacuum. And you mentioned that — I think you mentioned that at some point during this call that youโre also maybe hitting the law of large numbers on some of your products. Can you just share how youโre thinking about price elasticity just at this point in this macro environment? And any thoughts along those lines?
Elon Musk
I think that thereโs very significant price elasticity. I mean, to be totally frank, if our car costs the same as a RAV4, nobody would buy a RAV4 or at least theyโre very unlikely to. Itโs worth noting that a lot of these incentives, like the tax credit and whatnot, theyโre actually very difficult for the average person to access because they — most people do not have $10,000 or even $7,500, burning a hole in their bank account. A lot of — a large number of people are living paycheck to paycheck, and with a lot of debt. Theyโve got credit card debt, mortgage debt. So, thatโs reality for most people. Itโs sometimes difficult for people who are high income and Iโd say high to be like someone whoโs earning over $200,000 a year to understand what life is like for someone who is earning $50,000 or $60,000 or $70,000 a year, which is most people.
So like for a lot of people, like this tax credit just — they canโt front $7,500 for 18 months or even 6 months to get — for the tax credit, and they actually donโt, in some case, even have that $7,500 in taxes. So, itโs really just the best regard to people is how much money do they have to pay immediately and how much per month. Thatโs it. I think you stop right there. And our car is still much more expensive than a RAV4 when you look at it that way.
Vaibhav Taneja
Now one other thing which Iโll add, when you look at car buying in general, weโre trying to get to the next set of EV adapters.
Elon Musk
Not an EV adapter. Just who wants a great car.
Vaibhav Taneja
Exactly.
Elon Musk
Itโs not — so now you get things like — honestly, I would say itโs like — somewhat correlates with why doesnโt everyone work from home crowd. Iโm like — I mean this is like some real Marie Antoinette vibes from people who say why is there no work from home. Like what about all the people that have to come to the factory and fill the cars or that all people that have to go to the restaurant and make your food and deliver your food. Itโs like what are you talking about, you — I mean, how detached from reality does the work from home crowd have to be? While they take advantage of all those who do — who cannot work from home.
So, I mean, you have to say like why did I sleep in the factory so many times, because it mattered. So I just canโt emphasize again how important cost is. Itโs not an optional thing for most people, it is a necessary thing. We have to make our cars more affordable that people can buy it. And I keep harping on this interest thing, but I mean it just raises the cost of the car. I mean, weโre looking an internal analysis, which we think is more or less on track that when you look at the cost — or the price reductions weโve made in, say, the Model Y and you compare that to how much peopleโs monthly payment has risen due to interest rates, the price of the Model Y is almost unchanged.
Vaibhav Taneja
If you factor in the…
Elon Musk
Yes, which is what Iโm trying to say. The thing that matters is the monthly — itโs how much money do they have to put down and do they literally have that in their bank account or their check balance and then what is the monthly payment. And it doesnโt matter how — if that monthly payment is principal interest or whatever, itโs just a number, and that number has to not cause their bank account to go negative. Thatโs it.
So going from near zero interest rates to kind of the current very high interest rates, the actual monthly payment is basically the same. Itโs just a bunch more of it is going to interest. And there are some incremental challenges beyond that, which is the difficulty of getting credit at all has increased. And so, the number of people who simply cannot get credit, period, even if theyโve got a job and everything is solid, the banks are a little gun-shy on handing out credit given that a bunch of them kicked the bucket earlier this year.
Unidentified Company Representative
Thereโs also just fewer options, even if they planned out credit, thereโs fewer banks to go there.
Elon Musk
Digital banks still exist. Well, if your bank does not exist, you have to establish a relationship with a new bank. And so a lot of regional banks are died, and I mean even Credit Suisse, I mean, geez, that was a shocker. A 160-year-old-ish Swiss institution, it doesnโt exist anymore. Thatโs mind blowing. And I think thereโs still quite a few shoes to drop on the bad credit situation. I mean, commercial real estate obviously is in terrible shape. Credit card debt has been rising significantly. The credit card interest rates are usurious. Itโs over 20% interest rates, meaning like — which over time is just it becomes obviously extremely punishing because if somebodyโs paying 20% interest on their credit cards, means they cannot pay them off. If you canโt pay them off and youโre still accruing interest of 20%, youโre at best headed to a bad place.
Martin Viecha
Thank you. Letโs go to next question from George from Canaccord.
George Gianarikas
Just to focus on the cost per vehicle coming down in future quarters as you discussed in your written remarks. Iโm curious as to what the levers of that could be. Is it more scale, more factory utilization? Is it material cost reductions? Are there things like gigacasting? I mean, can you just kind of give us some data points to give us confidence if thatโs going to come down over time. And if I can sneak one in, please, there are press reports — and I know how perilous it is to believe some of these. But, they say that youโve included radar as an option in some Model Ys in China. And Iโm just here to ask if thatโs true. And if so, why?
Elon Musk
Weโve not included radar. We have radar as — a Tesla designed radar is an experiment in Model S and X. Thatโs it. Weโll see whether that experiment is worth it, but there are no plans to integrate radar into 3 and Y. Just as humans drive well, and in fact, an excellent human driver can drive with amazing safety simply with their eyes, the car will far exceed the average human safety just with vision, far, far, far because, I mean, the car is looking at all directions all at once. We donโt have eyes at the back of our head. And the computer never gets tired and never gets distracted, get drunk, hopefully.
And so, radar is — what really matters is how much does it affect the probability of an accident. And in order for the radar to be effective, you have to be able to do radar-only braking — you have to do actions that are radar-only. Otherwise, you get this disambiguation problem between vision and radar. Thatโs why we actually turned off the radar in cars historically that we had shipped, all 3 and Y used to have radar, but we turned it off because the radar actually generated more noise than signal. Now the Tesla designed radar is a high-resolution radar that has some potential to be useful, but the jury is still very much out on whether that is in fact the case.
Unidentified Company Representative
On the cost question, I guess, from the vehicle side, like as Drew mentioned earlier, we are always trying to engineer our products to be cheaper to make and more efficient to make. That comes obviously on the engineering side as we come up with new innovations but as well on the supply chain side. With our partners, we work with them to automate some of their lines and move their bottlenecks and their high cost as well. On the logistics side, getting parts to the factory, itโs not like a one thing that — you have to check cost everywhere and we do it ruthlessly at all times.
Unidentified Company Representative
Operations efficiency. All of the above.
Vaibhav Taneja
Yes. I would say thereโs a whole laundry list of things, which we are chasing. We internally call it the cost attack, where weโre literally going line by line and saying how can we make it better. And itโs a grind.
Elon Musk
Itโs a grind. Itโs like Game of Thrones but pennies. I mean first approximation, if youโve got a $40,000 car, and roughly 10,000 items in that car, that means each thing, on average, costs $4. So in order to get the cost down, say, by 10%, you have to get $0.40 out of each part on average. It is a game of pennies.
Unidentified Company Representative
We play it.
Elon Musk
Willingly, yes. Weโve done it many, many times. And even something as simple as like a sticker, like thereโs too many stickers internally in the car that nobody ever sees. Thereโs something as simple as a QR code. You may think, well, putting a QR code on a part. Why donโt just put them on there, itโs like, well, are we actually going to use that QR code?
Unidentified Company Representative
Thatโs a penny.
Elon Musk
Yes, exactly. And then inevitably, sometimes the QR code doesnโt go on properly or you canโt read it properly, and it stops the line.
Unidentified Company Representative
More than a penny.
Elon Musk
Yes, absolutely. So chipping away, with — I mean it is trying to — it does feel like digging a tunnel with a spoon at times.
Unidentified Company Representative
Very much escaping prison.
Vaibhav Taneja
On top of it, like we said, we did some factory upgrades, so we expect volume to go up. That would also bring some savings from higher production. But then on the flip side, weโre going to be ramping a new product like Cybertruck, which we talked about. So, yes, so those are the real puts and takes what we are working for.
Elon Musk
Yes. But thereโs not like some accidently some brick of gold that we go left in the car, unfortunately. And itโs — weโre trying to be very rigorous about improving the quality and capability of the car because itโs like any fool can reduce the cost of a car by making it worse and just deleting functionality and capability and thatโs how I call this sort of any fool — like if you want to like lose weight and youโd say, well, I need to lose over 15 pounds right away, well, you could chop your arm off, but then youโre sitting with one arm. Youโre still fat.
So sort of like yes, you actually have to eat less food and work out. Thatโs the actual way. Itโs not super fun because food is delicious. And personally, Iโm not — I donโt love working out. I wish I did, but I donโt. Unless moving the mouse consists of working out, in which case, I love moving the mouse.
Martin Viecha
All right. Letโs go to Colin Langan from Wells Fargo.
Colin Langan
You said in the commentary that youโre not going full tilt on the plant in Mexico until there are signs that the economy is strong. Can you continue at a 50% CAGR without that plant? And where would that come from? And any color on what you mean sort of not going full tilt? Could that plant get delayed indefinitely, or what are you are kind of talking about?
Elon Musk
No, weโre definitely making the factory in Mexico. We feel very good about that. We put a lot of effort into looking at different locations, and we feel very good about that location, and we are going to build a factory there, and itโs going to be great. The question is really just one of timing. And thereโs going to be a broken record on the interest front. Itโs just the interest rates have to come down. Like, if interest rates keep rising, you just fundamentally reduce affordability. It is just the same as increasing the price of the car. So I just donโt have visibility into it. If you can tell me what the interest rates are, I can tell you when we should build the factory. Weโre going to build it. And I mean think weโll start the initial phases of construction next year. But I am still somewhat scarred by 2009 when General Motors and Chrysler went bankrupt. While thatโs now 14 years ago, itโs — that is seared into my mind with a branding iron because Tesla was just hanging on by a thread during that entire time and with — I mean, we closed a financing round in 2008 at 6 p.m. December 24th, Christmas Eve. And if we had not closed that financing round, we would have bounced payroll two days after Christmas. So we actually closed that around the last hour, the last day that it was possible, stressful to say the least, and then barely made it through 2009. So, Iโm like — I want to just — I donโt want to be going at top speed into uncertainty. A lot of wars going on in the world obviously as well, so — and we have room here.
Unidentified Company Representative
Like in Giga Texas. You said we still have room in this building. Itโs not full with Cybertruck and the line. Thereโs plenty of growth opportunities still to have inside the building where our team already is.
Elon Musk
We also have 2,000 acres here.
Unidentified Company Representative
Thereโs alsoโฆ
Elon Musk
Weโre actually only occupying a tiny corner of the land that we have. We could technically do all the scaling, research just here. So, personnel is our biggest challenge and the greater Austin area only has — generously the greater Austin area only has 2 million people. So people are moving here and theyโre willing to move here, but there is somewhat of a housing crisis. They got to live somewhere.
So I donโt know. I mean, Iโm just curious. Like I just — Iโm not saying things will be bad. Iโm just saying they might be. And I think like Tesla is an incredibly capable ship, but we need to make sure like as — if the macroeconomic conditions are stormy, even if the best ship is still going to have tough times, the weaker ships will sink. Weโre not going to sink. But even a great ship in a storm has challenges. Now that storm will apply to everyone, not just to us and not just to auto industry. It will apply to everyone, I think. So apart from necessary sort of staples, like food and stuff. So I just — I donโt know. If interest rates start coming down, we will accelerate.
Martin Viecha
All right.
Elon Musk
If anybodyโs got any guesses on this, Iโd love to be less wrong. And I apologize if Iโm perhaps more paranoid than I should be because that might also be the case because I am — I have PTSD from 2009, big time. And in 2017 through 2019 were not a picnic either. That was very tough going. So the auto industry is also somewhat cyclic because people hesitate to buy a new car if thereโs uncertainty in the economy. So itโs car companies do very well in good economic times, and they donโt do as well in tough economic times. So, itโs just — whereas if somebody is selling bread, then I think that people still eat bread. Yes, we need bread. We need food all time. But new car, you donโt have to have…
Vaibhav Taneja
Especially if there are wars going on and then that impacts your sentiment.
Elon Musk
Yes. I mean people are reading about wars all over the world. Buying a new car tends to not be front of mind.
Martin Viecha
All right. Unfortunately, thatโs all the time we have today. Thank you very much for all of your good questions, and weโll see you again in three months. Thank you very much.